Linux7.8下静默安装oracle11.2

一、使用脚本初始化环境

脚本如下：（标红处修改对应的配置需求）

#!/bin/bash

#1.配置主机名/etc/hosts 并关闭防火墙及selinux

echo '172.168.0.xx linux.tk' >> /etc/hosts

#注意修改为服务器的ip和主机名

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

setenforce 0

#sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

#2.安装相关软件包

yum -y install telnet vim lszrz gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel \

elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat \

unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel wget unzip

#3.配置内核参数

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

sysctl -p

#4.oracle用户资源限制

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 4096" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

#5.登录配置

echo "session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

#改授权

echo "if [ \$USER = 'oracle' ];then" >> /etc/profile

echo "if [ \$SHELL = '/bin/ksh' ];then" >> /etc/profile

echo "ulimit -p 16384" >> /etc/profile

echo "ulimit -n 65536" >> /etc/profile

echo "else" >> /etc/profile

echo "ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536" >> /etc/profile

echo "fi" >> /etc/profile

echo "fi" >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

#6.创建用户组和用户

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

echo 'oracle' | passwd --stdin oracle

 

#7.创建相关目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

 

#8.配置oracle用户环境变量

echo "ORACLE_SID=ora; export ORACLE_SID" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

#sid指定为现场的sid

echo "ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORACLE_PATH=/u01/app/common/oracle/sql; export ORACLE_PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "TNS_ADMIN=\$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; export TNS_ADMIN" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "ORA_NLS11=\$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "PATH=.:\${JAVA_HOME}/bin:\${PATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "PATH=\${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export PATH " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/JRE " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "CLASSPATH=\${CLASSPATH}:\$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export CLASSPATH" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss' " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export nls_date_format " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export TEMP=/tmp " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export TMPDIR=/tmp " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "umask 022 " >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

 

source ~/.bash_profile

 

二、上传或者下载oracle安装包并解压，例如放置在/opt/目录下

 

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

直接在目录解压，会在当前目录中生成database目录

 

三、修改应答文件安装数据库软件

修改前建议先备份下

cp /opt/database/response/*.rsp /opt/database/rspbak

3.1、生成修改响应文件（
/opt/database/response/db_install.rsp）

备注：清空源文件，复制粘贴如下内容（标红处需要修改对应的设置需求）：

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=linux.tk

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false

oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:10.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

3.2、开始安装

1）、用oracle用户登录操作

# su - oracle

$ cd /opt/database

$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

2）、在安装过程中可以新开会话，使用tailf 命令查看进度

# tailf /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2022-XX-XX_03-28-06PM.log

提示安装结束，需要在root用户执行两个脚本，如下：

# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

 

四、修改应答文件安装数据库实例（
/opt/database/response/dbca.rsp）

安装实例前，需要新建一个实例存放的目录（/home/OracleData/），如下：

# mkdir /home/OracleData

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/OracleData/

4.1、修改应答文件

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "ora"

SID = "ora"

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

SYSPASSWORD = "***012"

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "***012"

DATAFILEDESTINATION = /home/OracleData/

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

TOTALMEMORY = "2048"

4.2、建实例,登录oracle用户

# su - oracle

$ dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp

此安装过程是有进度显示，不用tailf查看，不过也可以查看对应的log日志查看进度

4.3、删除实例

编辑应答文件

#vim /opt/database/response/del_dbca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "ora"

$ dbca -silent -responseFile del_dbca.rsp

五、启动监听，配置自启动等

5.1、启动监听

# su – oracle

$ lsnrctl start

查看状态 lsnrctl status

# netstat -tnulp | grep 1521

# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

5.2、设置自启动

修改vim /etc/oratab 如下

ora:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

5.3、修改dbstart文件

vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart

将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

5.4、将dbstart加入开机自启动，/etc/rc.d/rc.local中增加

su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart

赋权限 chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

5.3、登录数据库设置权限等

sqlplus / as sysdba

startup;

alter system register;

create user ora identified by ***012;

grant dba to ora;

exit

 

六、远程连接数据库

6.1、开放1521端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd –reload

 

firewall-cmd --list-ports